(b) Diwan-i-Arz (Department of Military). Central Departments of Delhi Sultanates: ‘Diwan-i-Risalat’ Department of Appeals, ‘Diwan-i-Bandagan’-Slaves,”Diwan-iQaza-i-Mamalik – Department of Justice, Diwan-i-Ishtiaq – Department of Pensions, Diwan I Mustakhraj’Departments of Arrears, Diwan-i-Khairat’Departnent of Charity, Diwan-i-Kohi’-Departrment of Agriculture, Diwon4Wizarat’- Head Wazir, Diwan -i-WagoofDepartment of Revenue

(a) Mamluk dynasty: Also known as the Slave Dynasty, founded by Qutb ud-din Aibak, who became the first Sultan of Delhi in 1206. The dynasty ruled Delhi from 1206 to 1290. Khilji Dynasty The second dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, ruling from 1290 to 1320. Tughlaq Dynasty The third dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, ruling from 1320 to 1414. Lodi Dynasty: The last dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, ruling from 1451 to 1526.

(b) Balban. Ghiyasuddin Balban(Reigned : 1266-1287) was the ninth sultan of the Slave dynasty of Delhi. He belonged to the famous group of 4nTurkic slaves of lltutmish. He was the first Muslim ruler to formulate the theory of kingship similar to the theory of the divine right of the kings. He established the military department “Diwan-i-Arz”-0.

(a) Prithviraj III (1168-1192). He defeated Sultan Muhammad Ghori in 1191 (first Battle of Tarain), but he was defeated by Ghori in 1192 (second Battle of Tarain). Vigraharaja Il ((971-998). Chahamana dynasty}. Prithviraj I ((1090 -1110), Chahamana dynasty). Vasudeva (73 BCE to 28 BCE), founder of Kanvas Dynasty) Delhi Sultanate (1206 AD to 1526 AD)

(c) Nizam ul-Mulk Junaidi. litutmish is known as the real founder of Delhi Sultanate who occupied the throne in 1210 AD after Killing Aram Bakshsh. He shifted his capital from Lahore to Delhi.

(d) iltutmish (1210- 1236). He slave and son-in-law of Qutubuddin Aibak, considered the real founder of Delhi Sultanate

(b) Mahmud Ghaznavi (998- 1030 AD) attacked India 17 times between 1000 to 1027 AD. Al-Biruni’s Books: Kitab-ul-Hind and Tahkik-e- Hind.

(b) Battle of Chandawar. Mu’izzad-Din Muhammad, also known as Muhammad Ghori, was the Sultan of the Ghurid Empire. First battle of Tarain(1191) – Prithviraj Chauhan’s Rajput forces defeat Muhammad Ghori’s Ghurid army. Second battle of Tarain (1192) -Mohammad Ghori defeated Prithviraj Chauhan. Battle of Anhilwara (1178)Mohammad Ghori was defeated by Gujarat king Mularaja I.

(b) Tughril Beg. Balban(Mamluk dynasty or Slave Dynasty)Ghiyas-ud-Din Balban appointed his own son Bughra khan as governor of Bengal. Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq also known as Nasiruddin, was the last sultan of the Tughlaq dynasty.

(c) Ghiyasuddin Balban. Nowruzis the Iranian New Year, also known as the Persian New Year

(c) Ulugh Kha, whose original name was Ghiyas ud din Balban, was initially a slave who rose to become the Sultan of Delhi, ruling from 1266 to 1287CE. He was known for his theory of kingship and strong centralized administration.

(c) Balban. The policy of blood and iron’ implied being ruthless to the enemies, use of sword. harshness and strictness and shedding blood. Ghiyas uddin Balban was the ninth sultan of the Mamluk/Slave dynasty of Deihi.

(d) Twelfth. Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque (1 192-1198) built by Qutubuddin Aibak. Other Monuments of Qutub complex Alai Darwaza (by Ala-ud-dinKhalji in 1311 AD). Tomb of lltutmish(1235). Tomb of Imam Zamin (1537).

1236 AD. Razia Sultana was the daughter of iItutmish and served as the Sultan of Delhi from 1236 to 1240She was married to Malik Altunia, the governor of Bathinda. She was buried in Kaithal, Haryana. She was imprisoned by Malik lkhtiyar-ud-din Altunia in the Qila Mubarak Fort (Bathinda). The book” Razia Queen of India” was written by Rafiq Zakaria about her life

(c) Afghanistan. Mahmud of Ghazni was a Turkish conqueror who attacked India 17 times between 1000 to1027 AD. In 1018 he plundered the holy City of Mathura and also attacked Kannauj In 1019 and 1029 he under took two raids on Gangetic valley. In 1025 he attacked Somnath (a town on the coast of Kathiawar).

(a) Qila Mubarak in Bathinda ,built by Raja Dab. Jaigarh fort in Jaipur was built in 1726 AD by Jai Singh l. Golconda fort in Golconda was built by Qutb Shahi dynasty. Mehrangarh fort in Jodhpur was built by Rao Jodha.

(a) Qutubuddin Aibak (Known as Lakh Baksh). He was the slave of Muhammad Ghori and was the first sultan of Delhi Sultanate. He established the slave dynasty (Mamluk dynasty),Famous Ruler of Slave Dynasty (1206AD-1290 AD): Qutbuddin Aibak(1206-1210). Shamsuddin Iltutmish(1210-1236). Raziya Sultan (1236-1240).Balban (1266-1287).