Article 257 Control of the Union over States in certain cases. Article 261- Public acts, records and judicial proceedings.

Article 368 (Part XX) Parliament may amend the Constitution by way of addition, variation or repeal of any provision in accordance with the procedure laid down for the purpose. However, the Parliament cannot amend those provisions which form the basic structure’ of the Constitution. This was ruled by the Supreme Court in the Kesav ananda Bharati case (1973).

Article 39(d) of the Constitution proclaims “equal pay for equal work for both men and women” as a Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP). Article 21: Guarantees the fundamental right to protection of life and personal liberty. Article 18: Abolition of titles.

Article 148-151. The CAG handles the audit of the accounts of the Union and State governments. Article 148: Establishes the office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India. Article 149: Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General. Article 150: Form of accounts of the Union and of the States. Article 151: Mandates the presentation of audit reports by the Comptroller and Auditor General to the President of India, which re then laid before Parliament.

Article 177. Article 183 of the Indian Constitution addresses the resignation, vacation, and removal of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council. Article 181 stipulates that neither the Speaker nor the Deputy Speaker should preside over the proceedings when their removal process is underway. These provisions ensure impartiality during key legislative processes.

The President shall make rules for the more convenient transaction of the business of the Government of India, and for the allocation among Ministers of the said business. Article 67 Term of office of Vice – President.

Article 43. Important Articles : Article 42 – Provision for just and humane conditions of work and  maternity relief. Article 43A – Participation of workers in management of Industries. Article 438 Promotion of co-operative societies.

Article 40 : This article directs the state to organise village panchayats and empower them to function as self-governing units. Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs): Outlined in Part IV (Articles 36 – 51) of the Constitution, inspired by the Irish Constitution.

Articles S to 11. Part Il of the Constitution of India deals with Citizenship: Article 5- Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution. Article 6 – Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan. Article 7 – Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan. Article A citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India. Article 9 – Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens. Article 10 – Continuance of citizenship rights. Article 11- Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law

Article 214. Other important Articles: Article 215 – Every High Court shall be a court of record and shall have all the powers of such a court including the power to punish for contempt of itself. Article 217 – Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court. Article 245 – Parliament may make laws for the whole or any part of the Territoy of India. Article 275 – provides for the grants from the Union to certain States.

Article 361. Other Articles: Article 352: Deals with the proclamation of emergency due war, external aggression, or internal disturbance. Article 356: Relates to the President’s rule in a state, where the President takes over the governance of a state due to failure of the constitutional machinery. Article 370: Provided special status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir, which was repealed in 2019.

Article 166. Article 164 (1) – The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister, and the Ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor.

The Panchayats (Articles 243-2430): This part was inserted by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, and came into effect on April 24, 1993. Part IV: Directive Principles of State Policy. Part VII: States in the First Schedule (now repealed). Part X: scheduled and tribal Areas.

Article 280. The Finance Commission is a constitutional body, it is constituted by the President of India every five years. The Commission consists of five members, including a chairperson. Article 292: Borrowing by the Government of India. Article 375: Courts, authorities and officers continue to function subject to the provisions of the Constitution. Article 370: Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

75(3). Article 75 (1) – The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. Article 75(2) – The Ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the President.

Article 39(b). This article is part of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), which outlines the guiding principles for the state to follow while making policies. Article 39(a): Ensures
citizens have equal rights to an adequate means of livelihood Article 39(c): Prevents concentration of wealth and means of production, Article 39(d): Advocates for equal pay for equal work for men and women.

Article 46. Article 45 directs the state to ensure early childhood care and education for children under the age of six. Article 48 provides guiding principles for organizing agriculture and animal husbandry in India. Article 47 outlines the state’s duty to improve the standard of living and nutrition of citizens.

legislative relations between the Centre and the states. Emergency Provisions – Part XVIII, Articles 352- 360. Tribunals Part XIV-A Article 323A, and Article 3238. Financial relations between the Centre and the states Part XII, Articles 268-293.

Article 165. Other Important Articles: Article 167 – Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the Governor, etc. Article 168 – Constitution of Legislatures in States.

Union Executive. Important Articles: Article 52 – President of india. Article 53 -Executive power of the Union. Article 54 – Election of President. Article 63 The Vice-President of India. Article 64 – The Vice-President to be the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Article 72 – Power of President to grant pardons. Article 74 – Council of Ministers to aid and advise the President. Article 76- Attorney-General for India.

79. Parliament is India’s top legislative body, with its structure and functions defined as follows: Article 80: Composition of the Council of States Article 81: Composition of the House of the People. Article 82: Readjustment after each census,. Article 70: President’s functions in contingencies Article 73 : Extent union’s executive power.

Article 112 – The President shall cause, in respect of each financial year, to be laid before each House of Parliament a statement of the estimated receipts and expenditure of thẹ Government of India for that year, which is in this Part referred to as “the annual financial Statement”. Other important Articles: Article 110 – Definition of “Money Bills”. Article 116 – Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants. Article 120- Language to be used in Parliament

Article 88. Ministers and the Attorney – General of lndia shall not be entitled to vote in either House of the Parliament. Article 86 : Right of President to address and send messages to Houses. Article 87 Relates to the special address by the President to the Houses of Parliament at the commencement of the first session after each general election.

 Article 153. The Seventh Amendment Act, 1956, amended Article 153 to allow a governor to oversee two or more states. Other important articles. Article 150- Form of Accounts of The Union and of The States. Article 151 – The audit reports of the Union and State by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India. Article 152 – States about the Definition of state.

Eighth Schedule. Article 344(1) provides for the constitution of a Commission by the President on expiration of five years. Article 351 It provides for the spread of the Hindi language to develop it. The Eighth Schedule recognizes 22 official languages. Schedule and subject: Third Schedule- Oaths or affirmations.

Article 79 to 122. These articles in Part V of the Indian Constitution deal with the provisions related to the Parliament of India, including its organisation, composition, duration, officers, procedures, privileges, powers, and other related aspects

Article 30. Other important articles: Article 26 – It gives freedom to manage religious affairs. Article 24 – It prohibits the employment of children below the age 14 years in any factory, mine, or hazardous occupation. Article 32 – It grants every individual the right to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of their fundamental rights.

Articles 168 to 212 in Part VI. Other Articles : Articles 214 to 231 of the Indian Constitution cover the organisation, powers, and functions of the High Courts in India. Articles 243 to 243-0 in Part IX pertain to Panchayats. Articles 79 to 122 in Part V focus on the Parliament of India.

Article 48-A, which is part of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution, was added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. The DPSP are guidelines in the Indian Constitution designed to establish a welfare state in India. They are borrowed from the Irish Constitution.

Article 38. Other Articles: Article 36 Defines the Directive Principles of State Policy. Article 37: States that DPSPs are not enforceable by Courts but are fundamental in governance, and the state is expected to apply them in making laws. Article 39 Outlines specific principles for state policy that promote social and economic welfare, such as equal pay for equal work, protection of children, and equitable distribution of resources.