a, b, c. The Indian Councils Act of 1909 was introduced by the British government in India as a step toward including Indians in governance. Named after Viceroy Lord Minto and Secretary of State John Morley, the Act considerably increased the size of the legislative councils, both at the Central and provincial levels. The number of members in the Central Legislative Council was raised from 16 to 60. The act declared Delhi as the capital of British India in place of Calcutta.

Regulating Act. This Act was passed in June 1773. It was a response to the East India Company’s semi-sovereign status in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, which was created after the battles of Plassey and Buxar. The act was intended to address the company’s administration, but it wasn’t a long-term solution. In 1784, the Pitt’s India Act was passed as a more radical reform

1850. This law allowed Indians who had converted to Christianity to inherit the property of his ancestors. The Charter Act of 1813allowed Chirstian missionaries to enter India and Preach Christianity. This Act asserted the Crown’s sovereignty over British possessions in India

China. Charter Act of 1833:This act marked the end of the company’s commercial operations, transitioning it into an administrative body overseeing British territories in India. This Act made the Governor-General of Bengal as the Governor-General of India. Lord William Bentinck – The first Governor – General of India.

Bihar and Orissa. Partition of Bengal in 1905 (Lord Curzon announced the partition of Bengal on 20th July 1905, reorganization separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas).

1720. The cotton textiles which the Portuguese took back to Europe, along with the spices, came to be called “calico”. Calico Act, Reason Textile makers in England were Unable to compete with lndian textiles. Highest cotton producing state (Gujarat).

Partition of Bengal. Rabindranath Tagore encouraged Hindus and Muslims to tie rakhis as a symbol of unity and resistance against the Partition of Bengal, promoting a beautiful message of harmony and togetherness. Rowlatt Act 1919 was passed to curb the growing nationalist upsurge in British India. The Morley-Minto Refoms, also known as the Indian Councils Act of 1909, were a set of constitutional changes in British India that aimed to increase Indian participation in the legislature.

Ricardian theory of rent The land of higher fertility gets higher rent than less fertile land. Ryotwari System The peasants or cultivators were regarded as the owners of the land. The cultivators had to pay annual taxes directly to the government. Introduced by Thomas Munro and Alexander Read in1820 in the Madras and Bombaypresidency.

Government of India Act,1935. The Act introduced responsible government in provinces, meaning the governor was required to act on the advice of ministers responsible to the provincial legislature. Government India Act, 1919: Introduced dyarchy. Charter Act of 1813: Ended the East India Company’s trade monopoly and allowed Christian missionaries to promote moral and religious reforms in India.

Cripps. It was sent to lndia to secure Indian cooperation for the British war efforts. It was headed by Sir Richard Stafford Cripps. Gandhi called it ‘A post-dated cheque drawn on a failing bank’.

All India Muslim League supported the move for partition of Bengal. Founders of All India Muslim League are Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Aga Khan III, Khwaja Salimullah, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Wagar-ul-Mulk. It was founded on 30 December 1906.

Pitt’s India Act of 1784. It was introduced during the tenure of Lord Warren Hastings against the backdrop of growing concerns about the East India Company’s mismanagement and corruption in India. Provisions: It gave the British government control over the East India Company. The Act was also called half-loaf system

Education. The Wood’s Despatch of 1854 was a formal letter sent by Sir Charles Wood to Lord Dalhousie, the Governor-General of India, that outlined a plan for educational reform in India. It recommended that primary schools use vernacular languages, secondary schools use both English and vernacular languages, and colleges use English. It is often referred to as the “Magna Carta of English Education in India.

Government of India Act 1858 had the following key provisions The English East India Company was abolished, and India came directly under British Crown rule. A new position, the Secretary of State for India, was created in the British government to manage
Indian affairs. A 15-member council was established to assist the Secretary of State.

Rowlatt Act, 1919: This Act passed on March 10, 1919, was introduced by British colonial authorities to suppress nationalist and revolutionary movements in India. The Act opposed by Mahatma Gandhi. India Contract Act,1872: Regulates contracts and agreements in India. Criminal Tribes Act,1871: Targeted criminal tribes” and was repealed in 1952. Indian Slavery Act,1843: Abolished slavery in British india

1867. The Press and Registration of Books (PRB) Act of 1867 is a law that regulates the printing, publishing, and registration of books and newspapers in India. The Act was passed during the colonial era and was intended to limit free speech by imposing many for procedural requirements publishing

1858. Charter Act 1858 The term Governor General changed to Viceroy for the British crown. The first viceroy was Lord Canning. The act ended The Doctrine of Lapse. It ended the Dual government scheme initiated due to Pit’s India Act.

Regulating Act, 1773. The act was the first step taken by the British government to control and regulate the affairs of East India company in India

Calcutta Town Hall. The Swadeshi movement was a direct fallout of the decision of the British lndia government to partition Bengal. The features of the Swadeshi movement encourage the use of indigenous goods, boycott foreign goods. The partition of Bengal was annulled in 1911 by Lord Hardinge to curb the revolutionaries

Indian Arms Act, 1878. It was enacted under the authority of Lord Lytton, the then Viceroy of India. It prohibited Indians from possessing. producing, or selling firearms without a government license. The Act was discriminatory as did not apply to British, Anglo-Indians, Europeans, and certain government personnel

Widow Remarriage. The Hindu Widow Remarriage Act of 1856 was enacted with the efforts of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. The draft of the Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act, 1856was prepared by Lord Dalhousie and passed by Lord Canning.